One day in 1939, Patek Philippe's renowned watchmaker René Mathez was intently studying the paper strip produced by a box placed on his desk. It was a crucial moment as Mathez was examining an American-imported quartz timing instrument first used in Switzerland.

Henri Stern, then President of Patek Philippe, founded the electronics department in 1948. Georges Delessert (pictured on the right in the foreground) was the first director of this department. This photo, taken in 1967, features the two gentlemen discussing plans to install an electronic timing system in 1971 for the Federal Palace in Bern (the seat of the Swiss government and parliament). At that time, the media hailed the T3 master clock and its subordinate clock system as "one of the most important timing devices in the world.”

Charting Uncharted Territories: The Electronic Division

Logically, after briefly experimenting with the novel quartz regulator watches, Patek Philippe was expected to abandon the featureless quartz products and continue to delve into the precious traditional watchmaking craftsmanship.

However, the reality was not entirely so, as evidenced by the 2022 electronic clock exhibition "Meeting Point." The exhibition showcased the largest collection of electronic clocks globally, leading viewers into an imagined future scenario: in that parallel universe, Patek Philippe's reputation was not associated with super-complicated wristwatches or elegant manual-winding simple time display wristwatches but closely linked with layers of matte steel frames, intertwined with the dials, switches, sockets, buttons, indicator lights, and hands between the frames.

Precise timing is essential for transportation, making Patek Philippe master clocks invaluable in this sector. The marine master clock (see the left image in the Patek Philippe manual) can regulate an almost unlimited number of subordinate clocks within a fleet comprising various types of ships, with accuracy ranging from a daily error of 1/10th of a second to 1/1,000th of a second. The image above is from an advertisement in the 1960s, showing that many airports, including Geneva Airport, were also equipped with Patek Philippe master clocks at the time.

A High-Tech Vision

This high-tech vision of Patek Philippe originated from Mr. Henri Stern, the then-president, who also cherished traditional watchmaking craftsmanship and was fond of collecting antique enamel works.

In 1937, Henri Stern was sent to the United States, where he stayed until the late 1950s. The advanced technology and progressiveness of the US made a deep impression on this successor of the Stern family. He viewed watchmaking as a pursuit of cutting-edge science.

The Legendary Patek Philippe T3

The Patek Philippe T3, dubbed the "Swiss Parliament Clock," is a remarkable timekeeping masterpiece crafted around 1971. Standing at an impressive height of 1.48 meters, this clock boasts a distinctive dual-tower structure, incorporating a total of 22 levels split between its left and right towers. This intricate system, which took Patek Philippe approximately two years to manufacture, features three "reference clocks" and 64 subordinate dials, all installed within a mere 14 days.

The Patek Philippe T3, known as the "Swiss Parliament Clock," was created around 1971. It stands approximately 1.48 meters tall and features a dual-tower design with a total of 22 levels between the left and right towers. It is equipped with 3 "reference clocks" and 64 subordinate dials. Patek Philippe spent about two years manufacturing this system and then completed the installation in 14 days. The control panel located to the right of the top-level reference clocks is designed for adjusting daylight saving time compensation. The top three levels of the left tower house three independent high-precision quartz clocks, which serve as the reference timekeepers for the T3 master clock timing system. This setup includes a redundancy system, utilizing the three reference clocks to ensure the master clock's accuracy while also monitoring for any errors. To further enhance timekeeping accuracy, the system is also equipped with an antenna and a long-wave receiver to receive time signals emitted by the Prangins Swiss Time Observatory. The main clock receives these time signals and uses them to synchronize the seconds pulse every second. This new type of Patek Philippe radio-controlled system was patented in 1967. The right tower and the lower levels of the left tower collectively feature 64 subordinate dials, displaying the time in various regions. The Swiss Federal Parliament Clock can provide precise time for 257 rooms within the building. If necessary, this system is capable of synchronously driving up to 6,000 subordinate clocks.

At the heart of the T3's precision is its top three levels on the left tower, which house three independent high-precision quartz clocks. These clocks are integral to the T3 master clock timing system, serving as the primary reference timekeepers. A redundancy system is in place, leveraging the trio of reference clocks to maintain the master clock's accuracy and vigilantly monitor for any discrepancies.

To enhance its timekeeping capabilities further, the T3 incorporates an advanced radio-controlled system. This system includes an antenna and a long-wave receiver tasked with capturing time signals from the Prangins Swiss Time Observatory. Upon receiving these signals, the main clock synchronizes its seconds pulse every second, a groundbreaking feature that Patek Philippe patented in 1967.

Additionally, the right tower, along with the lower levels of the left tower, is home to 64 subordinate dials. These dials display the time across different regions, enabling the Swiss Federal Parliament Clock to provide precise time for 257 rooms within the building. Impressively, if needed, the system can also synchronously drive up to 6,000 subordinate clocks.

A notable feature of this system is the control panel located to the right of the top-level reference clocks, specifically designed for adjusting daylight saving time compensation. This attention to detail underscores Patek Philippe's commitment to both precision and practicality in the design of the T3.

Establishment of the Electronic Department

In 1948, Patek Philippe established its own electronic department in Geneva, where the brand's historical headquarters also set up a timekeeping laboratory during the same period. The lab could receive time signals transmitted from Neuchâtel, Switzerland; the main clock synchronized with this signal and automatically adjusted the subsidiary clocks at each workstation, as well as the famous outdoor clock on the roof.

Subsequent breakthroughs followed. In 1952, Patek Philippe produced its first all-electronic timer. Six years later, Henri Stern proudly announced that the company's electronic department had created the world's first miniaturized quartz chronometer, winning the US Government Miniaturization Award. Patek Philippe took this opportunity to declare that it was not only adept at making exquisite mechanical wristwatches but also a major supplier of precision electronic timing systems.

Innovations and Global Recognition

A Patek Philippe portable rubidium standard calibration clock made around 1972, standing approximately 18 centimeters tall, comes with a label indicating it as property of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)/Goddard Space Flight Center. It was likely used for timing measurements for live camera setups during space shuttle launches.

In 1962, Patek Philippe released the Chronotome, a fully transistorized miniature table clock. In 1963, West Berlin Mayor Willy Brandt gifted a Chronotome to then-US President John F. Kennedy, making this clock that embodied the essence of the electronic age widely known. The Chronotome was Patek Philippe's first series-produced quartz chronometer and the first of its kind to undergo precision testing at the Swiss Observatory... Even the Geneva and Neuchâtel Observatories had to adjust their timing accuracy from two decimal places to three to synchronize with the Patek Philippe Chronotome. The electronic department of Patek Philippe condensed precision timing devices, previously only kept in high-tech research institutions, into a box that could be placed on a desk.

The Chronotome C clock, made around 1963 for Swiss Radio International, stands approximately 40 centimeters tall and is the earliest known fully transistorized Patek Philippe quartz clock. In the left column below: With advances in technology and microprocessors, the Telequartz clock emerged in the early 1980s, measuring about 8 centimeters in height, which is only 1/60th of the height of clock towers built decades earlier. Below: Patek Philippe was a pioneer in installing electronic timing systems for monitoring devices. The Z4 clock from 1983 is quite rare, equipped with ZGA and Z14 "Police Case" devices capable of interference resistance and encrypted communication recording.

Patek Philippe's Contribution to Precision Timing

However, Patek Philippe's electronic timekeeping was far more than just office equipment. In 1961, the company launched its first master clock using a quartz oscillator and solid-state circuits, completely eliminating the need for electronic contacts. This innovation set off a wave of precision timing devices supplied en masse to industries, large organizations, transportation networks, and various sectors nationwide.

1964 was particularly significant for Henri Stern. Twenty-five years after Patek Philippe imported its first electronic timing instrument from the US, the company began supplying timing equipment for the World's Fair, revolutionizing the field of electronic clocks. A handbook titled "Patek Philippe and the Swiss Timing Center" mentioned: "At that time, the New York World's Fair sought precise timing tools... With over a decade of experience in advanced electronic timing devices, Patek Philippe was invited to provide the main equipment."

Legacy and End of an Era

The handbook also joyfully stated that not only the World's Fair benefited from Patek Philippe's expertise, "Patek Philippe's digital clocks and digital chronometers were key equipment for the countdown to space flights." Thus, Patek Philippe's timing devices also aided the space race.

Patek Philippe was determined to pioneer new grounds, striving to complement electronic timing systems with mechanical wristwatches in pursuit of precision timing, as evidenced by a 1960 advertisement: "After the introduction of the Gyromax® balance wheel supporting continuous adjustment, Patek Philippe men's wristwatches set new records in accuracy and reliability. At the same time, professionals in Patek Philippe's laboratory passionately perfected the brand's renowned portable quartz clocks, achieving a precision of no more than 0.004 seconds per day, an error of only 4 milliseconds in 86,400 seconds."

Despite this, like many of its masterful wristwatches, the design philosophy and structural craftsmanship of Patek Philippe's electronic timing tower remain timeless. Although these timing devices no longer operate, they still stand tall, like sentinels from the bygone electronic era, as awe-inspiring as the Temple of Petra or the giant statues of Easter Island.